out as of September 2021, and California Cor-
rectional Center will be next. (
“However, with no new prison
construction plans on the horizon, ( s
communities are now going on the “
offensive: We are working to clace
prisons to get people free
\
Our fight for prison closures is first and fore-
most a strategy to get people free. We want to
shrink the state’s ability to lock people up by
shrinking the number of cages it has to do so.
Many people have heard the phrase, “if they
a »
AFFECTED By Ex
SPOSURE 70 FAC
RTICULATE MATER?
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a ‘ of 4)
be
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A) Ke RS i
(OC @s= | feel like whenever Ik ab ji
ey we talk about climate change, we always frame it in
Ae Tee
es a oh ice caps in the Arctic, or the extinction of a rare frog
es in
p the Amazon. And those things are incredibly important, don’t
get me wrong.
But when we’re having these discussions, we never talk about climate
change in terms of our own health—despite the fact that doctors and
other health professionals have called it the biggest public health crisis of
atk century. Nearly every field of health (pulmonology, nutrition
infectious disease, mental health, etc.) will be impacted by climate see
in some way.
-
In the past few years, I’ve started to become more interested in the
relationship between climate change and human health. We saw this
relationship depicted in the dystopic world of Parable of the Sower, in
which climate change created such poor conditions and severe resource
scarcity that the nation was pitched into conflict/instability.
—
Py
a literary perspective made } ey
cientific/research-oriented
~~ ¥ ‘
ie YL
king in the lab of Dr. Pinar Ayata (CUNY
Center) to try and figure out how exposure |
s heat and particulate matter can facilitate
of microglia, inducing phenotypic
fe) Coye-tstopel of this intersection acoyeel
Butler’s ex
o consider this question from as
me want t
perspective.
This summer [ll be wor
Advanced Science Research
to climate-related factors such a
the epigenetic reprogramming
changes in these cells,
j = ‘
he causes and |
n effect on our understanding 0) a
This research could have a
ve diseases like dementia.
: progression of neurodegenerati
a
: i 2h Oe Kika
ike a zine? Why not just write a traditional research paper and
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To be perfectly frank, I’m totally exhausted by the thought of writing
another paper. Honestly, half the time ’m reading academic papers, I feel
like all ’'m seeing is normal and intuitive ideas being cloaked in academic
Jatgon and being made to sound more impressive than they actually are.
y ° Fi 49 y We . ga al
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5) ° Aé - Th Ie TTS ee
| That Ss why I like zines. ey’ onest and exciting to read. And &
they’re accessible!!! I think it’s so important to dispel this idea that we
) have to impart academic knowledge in a very particular and formal way.
‘ds A PRiw’ im ah — i as i”
aren Pe te ae BEERS MeK Fp
In creating this zine, I take inspiration from another: Weigh of Showing
by Denna Fredaar| In her zine (published in the Journal of Interactive
Technology and Pedagogy), Freedman discus
,expanding what we consider “scholarship.” She
Ko SE ff *¥ , Ls
ses the importance of
writes:
LAE Oe oe bee WB .
) | “Through the form of my work, a colorful, relatable We
=~ _iZine, | attempt to push the boundaries of ‘
- ys Scholarship, and through the content, successfully ¢<
© hor not, I'm trying to show that there are different ==
© 8 ~ 3. . fi? 4
A yrs ways of contributing to a field than writing a Wes
3 ” 7 af
. s
7, =~ scholarly paper” (Freedman 7-2). : a
Ds 1 fig wih saesales eal <a /
“<2 In this zine, a
partic matter (PM): a term used to describe the huge variety of
RE iid parties suspended in the air. when we're thinking about air pollution, a lot of
< : = r ne ‘about is related to PM. burning fossil fuels produces tons of
J
whict can pe’ = for 0 our health and the environment. —
is of the brainl! they can enguif pathogens like
gh bacteria att. ae an also clean up random junk in the brain to keep este .
Biwad iot ing. smoothly microglia have to be able to quickly respond to changes
—
———
Re most common form is alzheimer’s.
~ MePigenetic Yegulation: changing what genes are being expressed &
turned into protein products without actually altering the genetic code itself. cells
Bi do this in lots of different ways, but the main effect is that certain genes are
fg turned on/off based on internal or external signals that the cell is receiving
aed “0 Se gS |
cytotoxXgera. i | - a Rie Ee
== LAB to va genotoxicity: toxicity to the genome
i
' flee I.
: 7
ae
+5 doesn’t just Bonen willy nilly; the cell itself initiates its own death. it includes Sere
Ba ire DNA fragmentation, RNA decay, and blebbing. (yes, blebbing is a real Sth
“1
3 cyte te ki nes: small rsinalng OCS that are really important in telling immune
m cells what to do when our body is under attack
A ee
“ a ae
OXi dative St¥eSs. occurs when there are too many free radicals in a
cell. free radicals are unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron in their
outer shells. because they're so desperate to fill that outer shell, the go around
some categories of prisoners were dispropor-
tionately excluded, inclu Cjagageage ae
="
Pos icone sa
lawversandh@ bw: wo t
protesters, Vv | era ure “a
As the virus spread througHer® Sa
many who remained in prison continued to :
. = A ag % :
voice concern over the dismal conditions they ie 8
eee Seen |i -e have to out the effects of PM o
Pete eSebe8 So what does the existing literature have to say about the -
“a aS a ae 4 . , ~ : wa
to escape aPtracci tea taattekeeriaerct: PM can harm cells in lots of different ways
dia reporte - - 347 e oy ~- ae . =4 8 =16 7 =
on March 27 in the Saqqgesz prison in Western - = 7
eee Soa A was shown to increase the frequency of
g Exposing pa oe , lear buds (NBUDs), and micronuclei
‘c bri cle
lasmic bridges s), nuc : =
| nue 7 henomena are markers of genotoxicity. As |
a ee ‘ncreased, the effects worsened. |
coe: =
particulate matter concentrations were 1! > |
tf
#
3
+2
a
é
— -
—
(Santovito et. al). ae SS
~
§ Exposure to PM can also reduce cell viability, decrease cell membrane
Sey integrity (basically mess up the plasma membrane), and increase rates of
" apoptosis. Cells exposed to PM also display signs of oxidative stress
aon levels of ATP, the depolarization of the mitochondrial
== membrane, etc) (Wang et.
cytokines like TNF-a, IL-
6. Typi
in the body’s immune ypically,
‘d heavily involved
oxidati : :
ative stress (Bai et. a] : to inflammation and
ites and Sama et. al) § FP gma,
=
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=
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Exposure to PM is one of the many risk factors for
microglial
| f
PM can create
-
—~ oa
~— —.... __@&
TLDR; exposure to particulate matter can create inflammation in the
brain, making it a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like
INVA ales ay
/
]
f)incto my summer project! As I mentioned earlier, Pilbe |
?working in the Ayata Lab this summer to answer a question
f that lies at the intersection of neurology, immunology, and
i:
| .
| od
7
-
| |
f cellular and molecular biology.
|
os
f
ore how aspects of climate change (like
enetic state of microglia.
Objective: To exp!
particulate matter) affect the epig
lution disrupts
Hypothesis: We’re hypothesizing that air pol
protein homeostasis and metabolism in microglia. This may
facilitate the epigenetic reprogramming of microglia, leading
toa pro-inflammatory response.
Methods: To test this hypothesis, I will expose microglial cells
to particulate matter. In these cells, I'll investigate changes in
protein homeostasis, metabolism, epigenetic changes related
to DNA meth
lation.
\]
i Techniques: qPCR, Western Blot, mass spectrometry, high
Sus imaging resolution technologies s
a
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7
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Significance: These results will hopefully inform future
experiments that attempt to uncover the neurodegenerative
eftect of climate change.
Bai. Kuan-Jen. et al. ~
: . : et c bY rilic . ;
ara faecRalsted P 2 Na Activation and Inflammation Caused by
allic d Particulate Matter.” (he
n 228 I@NiuCO- lagi .
311, 2019, p. 108762 emico-Biological Interactions, Vol
Free
e Cedman. Jenna |
-Ine,”” 77 |
| C. Lhe. Ourna)
ittps Jitp i
We
Iv a «.
OF ae of Showin r
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“OmmMons rec
lec} An Inte
ractive T.
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logy and P chr
l rus
“showing Covey
Cdagogy » Vol. 16 2019
Ig
“In Vitro Genomic Damage Induced by Urban Fine
Santovito, Alfredo, et al
Nature Scientific Reports, vol
Particulate Matter on Human Lymphocytes.
10. no. 1, 2020
‘A Review of the Possible
PM2.5 Exposures Development ol
/ Environn
and the
Shou, Yikal et al.
ental Safely, vol. 174,
tween Ambient
Associations be
> Ecotoxicology am
Alzheimel ‘s Disease
2019, pp 344-52
Prat *
1 Vitro
he Air-Liquid Interface
> Chemosphere, vol
“Complex to Simple: lt
ate Matter Simulated at t
acts of Major Au Pollutants.
Wang, Rurxia, ¢ al
articul
es the Health Imp
263-74
Exposure of P
Disclos
923, 2019, pp